Serial No

Date

Event

1500BC

The river saraswathi from where Gowda Saraswaths originated dried up.  This river now extinct was between  the river Yamuna and Shutudri or the Sutlej. The new researchers claim that the ancient kingdom of Mohenjodaro died when the river that sustained it (i.e. Saraswathi) dried up

700 BC

Upanishadic Era

8^th Century*

(701AD - 800AD)

Shrimad Anantheshwara Temple, Manjeshwar visited by Viroopaaksha (a pilgrim from Salcette, Southern Goa). The word Salcette here is English form of Sanskrit original ‘Saashashti’ i.e. a conglomerate of 66 places.

About 740

Swami Vivarananda founded Kaivalya Mutt Samsthan at Kaushasthali near Keloshi (Goa).  The worshipped deity of this samsthan is “Shri Bhavani Shankara”

Swami Vivarananda was a disciple of Govinda Bhagavathpaada who also initiated  Adi Shankaracharya to sanyas on the banks of river Narmada.  (The term ‘Adi’ here refers to ‘beginning’ or ‘first’)

Govinda Bhagavathpaada  was the disciple of Gaudapada Acharya -- the  profounder of  absolute monism or non-dualism (i.e.  Advaita Siddhanta).  Gaudapada’s  principles where later carried on to a large extent by Adi Shankaracharya.

788

Adi Shankaracharya (the philosopher of absolute monism or Advaita Siddhanta) born at Kaaladi (Kerala). His profound mission, known as Dig-Vijayam (conquest of all quarters) involved eradication of false doctrines by meticulous care. There is no consensus among the historians of Indian thought about the exact dates of his birth and death. The generally accepted dates (which are also latest among all the probabilistic dates) of Shankara's life span are (788 A.D - 820 A.D). 

820

Adi Shankaracharya attained maha-samaadhi at Kedaarnaath (Himalayas) at the age of 32.  His works, apart from writing commentaries on  Vedas and Upanishads included,

1. “Aparokshanubhuti” -  (Self Realization)
2. “Atma Bodha” - (Self Knowledge)
3. “Bhaja govindham”
4. Dakshinamurti Stotram
5. “Dashashloki”
6. Ganga Asthakam
7. “Kanakadharastotram”
8. “Maneesha Panchakam”  -  (A small treatise on the doctrine of non-difference)
9. “Moha Mudgaram” (shattering of the illusion)
10. Prabodha Sudhakara -  (The Nectar Ocean of Enlightenment)
11. Prasnottara Rathna Maalika -  (an account of  many of the problems faced by a seeker of truth, in the form of a series of questions and answers)
12. “Saundarya Lahari”  -  (Waves-of-Beauty, in praise of divine mother)
13. “Shivananda Lahiri”
14. Subramanya Bhujangam
15. Tatva Bodha
16. “Upadesha Sahasri” -  (Thousand Teachings)
17. “Vakya Vritti” 
18. Viveka Choodamani - (Crest Jewel of Discrimination)
19. Nirvana Shatakam

1238

Shri Madhvacharya (Dvaitha Siddhantha philosopher) born

13^th Century

Madhvacharya visited Gomanthak

1277

Soira Vittal Bhat  (an astrologer ) founded  “Shri Venkatramana Temple at Mulki

1293*

Madhvacharya visited Manjeshwar Temple

14^th Century

Soma Sharma went to Karkal and (with the help of Soira Prabhu) founded Shri Venkatramana Temple by installing the idol brought by him from Tirupathi

1318

Madhvacharya passed away. His works included,

Brahma Sutra Bashya
Madhwa Vijaya
Dwadesha Stothra

15^th Century

Division of Uttaraadi Mutt and foundation of Kumbhakonam Mutt

1453

Shri Parasurama Damodara Temple founded at Bhatkal

1510

Shri Kaathyaayini-Baaneshwar temple founded at Aversaa (Ankola, Karnataka State)

25-4-1537

Shri Venkatramana Temple at Karkal renovated by installing the new idol

1538

Narasimha Temple founded at Bhatkal by Narasa Kini

1539

Shri Vijayeendra Tirtha of Kumbhakonam Mutt Samsthan observed Chaturmasya Vrita in Kochi. Vijayeendra Tirtha persuaded to initiate a saraswath boy to sanyasa. Vijayeendra agreed and the Vatu selected taken to Varanasi for education and initiated to sanyasa by name Yaadavendra (Hence became the first pontiff of Kashi Mutt) .

1542

Foundation of Kashi Mutt Samsthan. The worshipped deity of this samsthan is “Shri Vedavyasa”

21-1-1542

Copper plate and Raayasa-pathram issued to Yaadavendra Tirtha by Surendra Thirtha (Guru of Vijayeendra Tirtha)

3-2-1542

Raayasa-pathram issued by Surendra Thirtha (Guru of Vijayeendra Tirtha) to Gowda Saraswath Brahmin community

1545 / 46

Narayana Temple founded at Bhatkal by Kheth Pai

1550

Lakshmi Narayana Temple founded at Bhatkal by Lakkarasa Kamthi

1555

Tirumala Temple founded at Bhatkal by Santappa Nayaka

1560

Portuguese atrocities started in Goa

1564

Kaivalya Mutt Samsthan at Kushasthali destroyed by Portuguese.

Decision to shift temples from Saashati province (Goa) to other place taken

1565

Virupaksha Narayana Temple founded at Bhatkal by Jeevana Nayaka.

1567

Hindu temples demolished in Goa.

23-11-1569

Shri Vijayeendra Tirtha of Kumbhakonam Mutt installed the idol of  Ugra-Narasimha at Shri Venkatramana Temple, Mulki on the day of Datta-Jayanthi. Later Maadhavendra Tirtha (7^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) in 18^th Century installed the idol of Bindu-Maadhava (the procession deity).

1583

Rama Bhat  (later Keshavendra Tirtha- second pontiff Kashi Mutt Samsthan) born

1590

Raghunath Temple founded at Bhatkal by Bala Kini

30-3-1599

Sudhindra Tirtha of Kumbhakonam Mutt installed the idol in Kochi Tirumala Devasvom

17^th Century

Venkatesh Bhat founded Shri Venkatramana Temple at Katapadi by installing the idol of  Venkatramana Swamy sahitha Sridevi-Bhudevi along with idol of Shri Anantha Shayana Swamy as uthsavmoorthy given by Upendra Tirtha (third pontiff, Kashi Mutt).

1603

Shri Venkatesha Temple founded in Honnavar

12-5-1606

Jog Mallya s/o  Bhatkal Anantha Mallya donated Shri Tirumala Temple in Bhatkal to Yadavendra Tirtha(first pontiff, Kashi Mutt)

22-6-1608

Yaadavendra Tirtha (first pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  passed away at Bhatkal

1629

Hanumantha Bhat (later Yaadavendra Tirtha II -- 4^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

1646

Narayana Bhat (later Raghavendra Tirtha – 5^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and shishya of Upendra Tirtha - 3^rd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

27-2-1670

Keshavendra Tirtha (2^nd pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  passed away at Basrur

September 1670*

Somashekara Nayak I of Keladi (a kingdom which once stretched along the entire seacoast from Goa to Malabar was founded by Chowdappa Nayaka in 1499AD in Malnad area of Karnataka) endowed  land at Bangar (this place was on the upper portion of Mangalore) and Manchi (near Puttur taluk of South Kanara district)  for the performance of  Brahmana Santarpane  (i.e. Brahmana Bhojana – feeding devotees free of cost) and Nandaa deepthi at Manjeshwar Temple

1674*

Raghavendra Tirtha (5^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) established Kashi Mutt at Manjeshwar

24-10-1674

Upendra Tirtha (3^rd pontiff, Kashi Mutt and 1^st shishya of Keshavendra Tirtha - 2^nd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Varanasi

1685*

Queen Chennamaji (w/o Somashekara Nayak I ) who ruled Keladi for 25 years from 1671 to 1696 endowed the government income procured via the collection of tax at the ports of Manjeshwar and Kumbla for the performance  of Brahmana Santarpane (i.e. Brahmana Bhojana – feeding devotees free of cost), Rathothsavam and Nandaa deepthi at Manjeshwar Temple.  

This tax income was 800 varaha gold coins (one varaha is number equivalent to 4 rupees so the tax income at the Manjeshwar and Kumbla ports was 3600 rupees at that time)

1699

Shri Venkatramana Temple at Karkal renovated for the second time

1703*

Kodagas looted Shri Maha Maya Temple (Kuladevatha of family of Impersonators of holy Oracle -- MANJESHWAR DEVDARSHAN -- at Manjeshwar ) in Mangalore

15-9-1711

Yaadavendra Tirtha II  (4^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and 2^nd shishya of Keshavendra Tirtha - 2^nd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Hemmady

1719

Devendra Tirtha (6^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) and Maadhavendra Tirtha (7^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt)  conducted renovation-reinstallation ceremony at Kochi Tirumala Devaswom

15-2-1725

Raghavendra Tirtha (5^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and shishya of Upendra Tirtha - 3^rd pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Varanasi

1727

Tirumala Devasvom founded at Ernakulam

21-9-1734

A sanad (letter of authority by which one gets the right to travel with paraphernalia in a particular kingdom and due care to be taken thereof  by the administrative officers of the kingdom for ensuring safety of travel and stay) issued to Devendra Tirtha (6^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) by Somashekara Nayaka II of Keladi

1742

Maadhavendra Tirtha (7^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) installed the idol in Shri Varadaraja Venkatramana Temple at Gurpur, South Kanara

1755*

Ali Sultan of Arakkal House, Cannanore (Kerala) along with Tulagee Angria (s/o Conaajee Angria) from Maharashtra looted Manjeshwar temple in January 1755 by bringing their army in ships. However, the planned proceedings about this attack leaked in advance little early as December 1754. Hence on 14^th day of Dark Fortnight (i.e Krishna Paksha or Bahula) of Maargashira the majority of movable valuables was concealed to safer place. However, these attackers still carried away the remaining valuables.

1763

Tirumala Devasvom founded at Shertalli

10-3-1773

Yaadavendra Tirtha III (9^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and second  shishya of Maadhavendra Tirtha -- 7^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away prematurely at Honnavar when his guru  Maadhavendra Tirtha was still alive. Similarly, Jnanendra Tirtha (8^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and first  shishya of Maadhavendra Tirtha -- 7^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) also had passed away prematurely at Naasik somewhere between 1746 and 1773. These incidents finally resulted initiation of third shishya, Upendra Tirtha II (10^th pontiff, KashiMutt)

1-8-1775

Maadhavendra Tirtha  (7^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) entered Jeevantha Samadhi at Walkeshwar, Mumbai

4-1-1778

Sureendra Tirtha (12^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and first shishya of Rajendra Tirtha -- 11^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born. The details of Vishnu Tirtha (13^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and second shishya of Rajendra Tirtha -- 11^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) are not much available except that he attained Jala Samadhi at Banaras

21-3-1782

Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

2-12-1791

Upendra Tirtha II (10^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away in Varanasi

1794*

Narasimha Domba Hegde (Raja of Vittal, South Kanara who led the plundering of Manjeshwar Temple in 1799) fled to Tellicherri (Kerala) and joined hands with British to overcome his enemy Tippu Sultan

29-10-1798

Sumatheendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born

1799*

As soon as the 4^th Mysore war broke, which resulted in the demise of  Tippu Sultan around noon of 4^th May 1799, Narasimha Domba Hegde, Raja of Vittal (South Kanara) who was till then Tellicherry with British returned to his place and soon looted Manjeshwar Temple over the issue of  swaasthi (emoluments) not being paid due to successive transfer of ownership of land at Kendragaya from him to Manjeshwar temple. This attack caused devastating losses including breaking up of Brahma-Ratha.

,

30-5-1799

Rajendra Tirtha (11^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Tarawoor (Travancore – Trivendrum, Kerala). Samadhi at Shri Narasimha Temple, Tarawoor

1801*

Francis Buchanan (15.2.1762 – 15.6.1829), later known as Francis Hamilton, employed by Richard Colley Wellesley (1760-1842),  then governor-general of India from 1797-1805 appointed by East India Company,  for the purpose of examining the state of the country, visited Manjeshwar.

While speaking of the Konkanies of Manjeshwar (by characterising them as those migrated from Goa due to atrocities by Portuguese), he claimed that “…They are in flourishing circumstances, and I saw some of their marriage processions passing to-day, attended by a number of exceedingly well-dressed people and very handsome girls”. This is revealed in his book ---  “A Journey from Madras Through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, for the Express Purpose of Investigating the State of Agriculture, Arts and Commerce, the Religion, Manners, and Customs : The History, Natural, Civil and Antiquities”  --- first published in 1807 by T. Cadell and W. Davies, London.

1804*

Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) re-installed the idol of Shri Bhadra Narasimha at Manjeshwar temple. This was re-installation with considerable effort but not installation, as the idol was taken out to safer places (first to Kundadka, near Paane Mangalore, Bantwal Taluk and then to Karkal) in anticipation of the attacks by Narasimha Domba Hegde in 1799.

1804

The idol of Veera Venkatesha installed on Rakthaakshi Samvatsara Jyeshta Shuddha Trayodashi in Mangalore Temple by Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt). Click here for more details.

15-3-1815

Sumatheendra Tirtha (15^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) initiated to Sanyasa

20-5-1815

Sureendra Tirtha (12^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) installed the idol in Shri Venkatramana Temple at Kundapur

6-6-1831

Sureendra Tirtha (12^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Alleppey, Kerala at the age of 53.

1833*

One Abbayya (perhaps Bhat and hailed from Kundapur)  initiated to sanyasa at Manjeshwar and renamed as Vasudendra Tirtha (16^th pontiff of Kashi Mutt). This is the first of the two sanyasa deeksha ceremonies of Kashi Mutt consecrated at Manjeshwar.  In or about 1833 when Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) was camping at Manjeshwar the swamiji felt that his end was nearing and immediately sent for his shishya Sumatheendra Tirtha (15^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) who was then at Kochi. However Sumatheendra Tirtha could not come to Manjeshwar which  finally resulted initiation of Vasudendra Tirtha  as the second shishya of Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) who eventually succeeded as the 16^th pontiff of  Kashi Mutt .

27-3-1834*

Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Manjeshwar at the age of 52.

Nov/Dec 1834*

 First Brahma - Rathothsavam (Car-festival) of the newly built Ratha at Manjeshwar. The construction of this Ratha (which is the one existing today and hence the wood used is indeed over 200 years old) though started around 1800 took about 34 years to complete.  Mention must be made to definitely to note with dejection that the life span of Vibhudendra Tirtha (14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt -- who along with the community, led the renovation work of Manjeshwar temple soon after it was plundered by Narasimha Domba Hegde, Raja of Vittal, South Kanara in 1799) could not make it up to officiate this particular Shashti Ceremony of this newly built Brahma – Rath. It was carried out by the hands of Sumatheendra Tirtha (15^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) on Margashira Shuddha Shashti.

1837

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) born in Kamath family

1849

Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) initiated to Sanyasa

31-3-1851

Sumatheendra Tirtha (15^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt and first shishya of Vibhudendra Tirtha-14^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) passed away at Alleppey, Kerala. His shishya, Bhuvanendra Tirtha (17^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt) was still then a minor of age 14 who then recognized  Vasudendra Tirtha (16^th pontiff, Kashi Mutt an